Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- misc:sources.list [2021-09-30 21:26] – Bulseye jens
+++ misc:sources.list [2023-06-12 12:01] – Overhauling this page for Bookworm and restructuring jens
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== Sources.list ======
+====== sources.list ======
+For people using Debian---especially new users---it can be confusing to have the proper and correct entries in the ''/etc/apt/sources.list''.
-This is my ''/etc/apt/sources.list'' which grew and changed a lot during the past few years. Maybe it'll be helpful for you.
+You should---of course---use a [[http://www.debian.org/mirror/list|Debian mirror]] that is not too far away from you. The examples below contain the generic mirrors where you have to replace "XX" by your language/country code. Furthermore, replace CODENAME by the version you are running, you can find all available codenames on the [[https://wiki.debian.org/DebianReleases|Debian website]].
-You should---of course---use a [[http://www.debian.org/mirror/list|Debian mirror]] that is not too far away from you. The examples below contain the generic mirrors where you have to replace "XX" by your language/country code.
 If you use a notebook, make sure to also read [[misc:Power_Management|these instructions]] and enable TLP in your sources.list.
-===== Bullseye =====
+I also used to have the entries for [[http://deb-multimedia.org/|Marillat]] packages by default but decided to remove them. They become less and less relevant (for me) and change too much in the base system which makes it difficult to impossible to remove them again. If you still wich to use those, feel free to use them of course. For instructions see the [[http://deb-multimedia.org/|Deb Multimedia]] website.
-==== sources.list ====
+Because users usually do not do development, I left out the ''deb-src'' entries. If you need the sources, just duplicate all entries and replace the starting ''deb'' with ''deb-src''.
+===== Bookworm and newer =====
 <file bash sources.list>
+### /etc/apt/sources.list
+# Make sure to replace XX with your local mirror language/country code
+# Make sure to replace CODENAME with the release codename you are running
 ### Main Sources
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	bullseye			main contrib non-free
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME			main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
 ### Security Updates
-deb	http://security.debian.org/		bullseye-security		main contrib non-free
+deb	http://security.debian.org/debian-security	CODENAME-security		main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
 ### Software Updates
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	bullseye-updates		main contrib non-free
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME-updates		main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	bullseye-backports		main contrib non-free
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME-backports		main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	bullseye-proposed-updates	main contrib non-free
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME-proposed-updates	main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
 </file>
-==== For servers ====
+===== Bullseye and older =====
-Although my page is aimed at desktop usage, please don't use the above sources.list on a server. There it should look something like this.
+<file bash sources.list>
+### /etc/apt/sources.list
+# Make sure to replace XX with your local mirror language/country code
+# Make sure to replace CODENAME with the release codename you are running
-For firmware files (sometimes necessary on servers) you should add the "non-free" section as well.
+### Main Sources
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME			main contrib non-free
-<code bash>
+### Security Updates
-# Main Sources
+deb	http://security.debian.org/debian-security	CODENAME-security		main contrib non-free
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	bullseye		main
-# (Security) Updates
+### Software Updates
-deb	http://security.debian.org/		bullseye-security	main
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME-updates		main contrib non-free
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	bullseye-updates	main
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME-backports		main contrib non-free
-</code>
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME-proposed-updates	main contrib non-free
+</file>
-===== Buster =====
+===== Servers =====
-==== sources.list ====
+Although my page is aimed at desktop usage, please don't use the above sources.list on a server. There it should look something like this.
-As Debian GNU/Linux Bullseye is the current release, I do not recommend to use Buster on the desktop anymore.
-==== For servers ====
-You can still use Buster safely on a server, but you should upgrade before july 2022 as the security support for Buster will end then (unless you run an LTS supported version).
+==== Bookworm and newer ====
 <code bash>
-# Main Sources
+### /etc/apt/sources.list
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	buster		main
+# Make sure to replace XX with your local mirror language/country code
+# Make sure to replace CODENAME with the release codename you are running
-# (Security) Updates
+### Main Sources
-deb	http://security.debian.org/		buster/updates	main
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME			main non-free-firmware
-#deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	buster-updates	main
-</code>
-===== Stretch =====
+### Security Updates
-The security support for Stretch ended in july 2020, I no longer recommend to make a fresh Jessie install.
+deb	http://security.debian.org/debian-security	CODENAME-security		main non-free-firmware
-==== sources.list ====
+### Software Updates
-Because of the by now very old software available in Jessie I do no longer recommend to use it on a desktop at all.
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME-updates		main non-free-firmware
+</code>
-==== For servers ====
+==== Bullseye and older ====
-<WRAP round tip>
+Because many servers need the firmware for hardware to function properly, I added the ''non-free'' by default here. If you are running Debian virtualized, the ''non-free'' can be remowed.
-Although the official support for Stretch ended in july 2020, you can still get security support for it by adding the ''stretch-lts'' repository. However, this works only for the i386 and amd64 architectures and will be maintained until june 2022.
-</WRAP>
 <code bash>
-# Main Sources
+### /etc/apt/sources.list
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	stretch		main
+# Make sure to replace XX with your local mirror language/country code
+# Make sure to replace CODENAME with the release codename you are running
-# (Security) Updates
+### Main Sources
-deb	http://security.debian.org/		stretch/updates	main
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME			main non-free
-#deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	stretch-updates	main
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	stretch-lts	main
+### Security Updates
+deb	http://security.debian.org/debian-security	CODENAME-security		main non-free
+### Software Updates
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME-updates		main non-free
 </code>
-===== Jessie and older =====
+===== LTS =====
-Currently you shouldn't use Jessie or older anymore for there are no more security updates. The following sources.list can be used if needed, it contains all (security) updates that were available for Jessie.
+Sometimes, especially on servers, it can happen that you need to run an older version of Debian to ensure stable production. In those cases you can use the LTS repositories. LTS is available only for the i386, amd64 and several arm architectures.
+For current available LTS versions, please check the [[https://wiki.debian.org/DebianReleases#Production_Releases|Debian Releases]], a fitting ''sources.list'' should look like this:
 <code bash>
-# Main Sources
+### /etc/apt/sources.list
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian-archive/debian	jessie	main contrib non-free
+# Make sure to replace XX with your local mirror language/country code
-</code>
+# Make sure to replace CODENAME with the release codename you are running
-===== Older =====
+### Main Sources
-The sources.list for older distributions looks similar to the Jessie list, just replace 'jessie' with the [[https://www.debian.org/releases/|codename]] of the respective release.
+deb 	http://deb.debian.org/debian/	CODENAME		main non-free
+### Security Updates
+deb	http://security.debian.org/	CODENAME/updates	main non-free
+</code>