Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- misc:sources.list [2019-08-31 18:41] – Updates for Buster jens
+++ misc:sources.list [2023-06-12 12:01] – Overhauling this page for Bookworm and restructuring jens
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== Sources.list ======
+====== sources.list ======
+For people using Debian---especially new users---it can be confusing to have the proper and correct entries in the ''/etc/apt/sources.list''.
-This is my ''/etc/apt/sources.list'' which grew and changed a lot during the past few years. Maybe it'll be helpful for you.
+You should---of course---use a [[http://www.debian.org/mirror/list|Debian mirror]] that is not too far away from you. The examples below contain the generic mirrors where you have to replace "XX" by your language/country code. Furthermore, replace CODENAME by the version you are running, you can find all available codenames on the [[https://wiki.debian.org/DebianReleases|Debian website]].
-You should---of course---use a [[http://www.debian.org/mirror/list|Debian mirror]] that is not too far away from you. The examples below contain the generic mirrors where you have to replace "XX" by your language/country code.
 If you use a notebook, make sure to also read [[misc:Power_Management|these instructions]] and enable TLP in your sources.list.
-===== Buster =====
+I also used to have the entries for [[http://deb-multimedia.org/|Marillat]] packages by default but decided to remove them. They become less and less relevant (for me) and change too much in the base system which makes it difficult to impossible to remove them again. If you still wich to use those, feel free to use them of course. For instructions see the [[http://deb-multimedia.org/|Deb Multimedia]] website.
-==== sources.list ====
+Because users usually do not do development, I left out the ''deb-src'' entries. If you need the sources, just duplicate all entries and replace the starting ''deb'' with ''deb-src''.
+===== Bookworm and newer =====
 <file bash sources.list>
+### /etc/apt/sources.list
+# Make sure to replace XX with your local mirror language/country code
+# Make sure to replace CODENAME with the release codename you are running
 ### Main Sources
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	buster			main contrib non-free
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME			main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
 ### Security Updates
-deb	http://security.debian.org/		buster/updates		main contrib non-free
+deb	http://security.debian.org/debian-security	CODENAME-security		main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
 ### Software Updates
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	buster-updates		main contrib non-free
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME-updates		main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	buster-backports	main contrib non-free
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME-backports		main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	buster-proposed-updates	main contrib non-free
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME-proposed-updates	main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
+</file>
-### Unofficial Packages
+===== Bullseye and older =====
-#deb	http://www.deb-multimedia.org		buster			main non-free		# Marillat
+<file bash sources.list>
+### /etc/apt/sources.list
+# Make sure to replace XX with your local mirror language/country code
+# Make sure to replace CODENAME with the release codename you are running
-### Importing GPG keys for APT
+### Main Sources
-# Marillat	apt install deb-multimedia-keyring
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME			main contrib non-free
-</file>
-==== For servers ====
+### Security Updates
-Although my page is aimed at desktop usage, please don't use the above sources.list on a server! There it should look something like this.
+deb	http://security.debian.org/debian-security	CODENAME-security		main contrib non-free
-If you are using fast-moving packages like ClamAV you should also enable the 'stretch-updates' repository. And for firmware files (sometimes necessary on servers) you should add the "non-free" section as well.
+### Software Updates
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME-updates		main contrib non-free
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME-backports		main contrib non-free
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME-proposed-updates	main contrib non-free
+</file>
+===== Servers =====
+Although my page is aimed at desktop usage, please don't use the above sources.list on a server. There it should look something like this.
+==== Bookworm and newer ====
 <code bash>
-# Main Sources
+### /etc/apt/sources.list
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	buster		main
+# Make sure to replace XX with your local mirror language/country code
+# Make sure to replace CODENAME with the release codename you are running
-# (Security) Updates
+### Main Sources
-deb	http://security.debian.org/		buster/updates	main
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME			main non-free-firmware
-#deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	buster-updates	main
-</code>
-===== Stretch =====
+### Security Updates
-==== sources.list ====
+deb	http://security.debian.org/debian-security	CODENAME-security		main non-free-firmware
-As Debian GNU/Linux (Buster) is the current release, I do not recommend to use Stretch on the desktop anymore.
-==== For servers ====
+### Software Updates
-You can still use Stretch safely on a server, but you should upgrade before july 2020 as the security support for Buster will end then (unless you run an LTS supported version).
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME-updates		main non-free-firmware
+</code>
+==== Bullseye and older ====
+Because many servers need the firmware for hardware to function properly, I added the ''non-free'' by default here. If you are running Debian virtualized, the ''non-free'' can be remowed.
 <code bash>
-# Main Sources
+### /etc/apt/sources.list
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	stretch		main
+# Make sure to replace XX with your local mirror language/country code
+# Make sure to replace CODENAME with the release codename you are running
-# (Security) Updates
+### Main Sources
-deb	http://security.debian.org/		stretch/updates	main
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME			main non-free
-#deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	stretch-updates	main
-</code>
-===== Jessie =====
+### Security Updates
-The security support for Jessie ended in june 2018, I no longer recommend to make a fresh Jessie install.
+deb	http://security.debian.org/debian-security	CODENAME-security		main non-free
-==== sources.list ====
+### Software Updates
-Because of the by now very old software available in Jessie I do no longer recommend to use it on a desktop at all.
+deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/		CODENAME-updates		main non-free
+</code>
-==== For servers ====
+===== LTS =====
-<WRAP round tip>
+Sometimes, especially on servers, it can happen that you need to run an older version of Debian to ensure stable production. In those cases you can use the LTS repositories. LTS is available only for the i386, amd64 and several arm architectures.
-Although the official support for Jessie ended in june 2018, you can still get security support for it by adding the ''jessie-lts'' repository. However, this works only for the i386 and amd64 architectures and will be maintained until june 2020.
-</WRAP>
-If you are using fast-moving packages like ClamAV you should also enable the 'jessie-updates' repository. And for firmware files (sometimes necessary on servers) you should add the "non-free" section as well.
+For current available LTS versions, please check the [[https://wiki.debian.org/DebianReleases#Production_Releases|Debian Releases]], a fitting ''sources.list'' should look like this:
 <code bash>
-# Main Sources
+### /etc/apt/sources.list
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	jessie		main
+# Make sure to replace XX with your local mirror language/country code
+# Make sure to replace CODENAME with the release codename you are running
-# (Security) Updates
+### Main Sources
-deb	http://security.debian.org/		jessie/updates	main
+deb 	http://deb.debian.org/debian/	CODENAME		main non-free
-#deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	jessie-updates	main
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian/	jessie-lts	main
-</code>
-===== Wheezy =====
+### Security Updates
-Currently you shouldn't use Wheezy or older anymore for there are no more security updates. The following sources.list can be used if needed, it contains all (security) updates that were available for Wheezy.
+deb	http://security.debian.org/	CODENAME/updates	main non-free
-<code bash>
-# Main Sources
-deb	http://ftp.XX.debian.org/debian-archive/debian	wheezy	main contrib non-free
 </code>
-===== Older =====
-The sources.list for older distributions looks similar to the Wheezy list, just replace 'wheezy' with the [[https://www.debian.org/releases/|codename]] of the respective release.